Nicknamed "Green screen" the chroma key method is a way of compositing different video layers which can make an effect that the characters are in a different environment. They use Green or sometimes blue to try to completely get a clean compositing layer to put the characters on.
The first Chroma keying was used in the 1930's originally on a blue screen, RKO Radio pictures and was used to create wipe transitions like wind-wipers. Although the method was mainly used on films it caught onto television shows very quick, as they could create landscapes without having to go outside sign any safety forms and not have to pay for any extras in the background so it was very cheap and easy to use a green screen in TV. A very well known used chroma key effect in the TV show Doctor Who, The Tardis uses a green screen to get the effect that the Tardis is a big teleporter.
Star wars used a lot of green screening in the first few episodes as they couldn't film in space and get those sorts of backgrounds they would have to be computer generated then put on after by compositing it using a green screen, although chroma keying was used in the newer episodes it was reduced as CGI Animation takes over the chroma keying method so there is a lot less of the method going on in movies and more in TV shows as its cheaper.
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